Journal: Molecular Cancer

Article Title: Mechanisms of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming and immunotherapeutic resistance

doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02556-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integration of liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence for precision oncology Current and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated exosome analysis in oncology. At present, exosomes isolated from various body fluids are profiled for molecular contents (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids), which are analyzed via AI algorithms to enable biomarker discovery, early cancer detection, and optimization of exosome-based therapeutics Future directions include the development of multimodal AI systems integrating exosomal multi-omics with clinical and imaging data to support intelligent diagnostic and prognostic platforms. AI-driven microfluidic devices will facilitate real-time exosome monitoring and standardized, large-scale analyses, ultimately advancing precision medicine

Article Snippet: Construction of Microfluidic Exosome Chip for Diagnosis of Lung Metastasis of Osteosarcoma , Completed , Osteosarcoma, lung metastases/Diagnosis and Prognosis , Enrollment number: 60 The association of disease recurrence with plasma levels of exosome and their subgroups , Start: 2020.10.1 Completion: 2022.9.30 , NCT05101655.

Techniques: Isolation, Biomarker Discovery, Imaging, Diagnostic Assay, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Construction and characterization of engineered exosomes. (A) RT-qPCR was used to detect NRP1 and NRP2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and BEAS-2B cells. (B) Surface loading effect of tLyp-1 polypeptide on exosomes. (C and D) Loading diagram and transfer efficiency of circRAPGEF5 ASO. (E) TEM imaging of EXO, tLyp-1-EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. Scale bar = 200 nm. (F) Size distribution of EXO, tLyp-1-EXO, Lyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. (G) Western blot analysis of exosomal marker proteins of EXO, tLyp-1-EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. (H) Drug release curve of tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. (I) In vitro stability of tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Imaging, Western Blot, Marker, In Vitro

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor targeting by engineered exosomes in vivo and in vitro . Confocal fluorescence imaging was used to visualize the internalization of EXO and tLyp-1-EXO in A549 (A) and HCC827 cells (B) , with green DiO and blue Hoechst staining. Scale = 20 μm. (C) Confocal fluorescence imaging was used to visualize circRAPGEF5 ASO delivery, with red indicating Cy3 and blue indicating Hoechst. Scale = 2 μm. (D) circRAPGEF5 expression level of circRAPGEF5 in PBS, EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. (E) Visualization of EXO and tLyp-1-EXO distribution in vivo was conducted using IVIS at specified time intervals after injection, with a sample size of three mice per group and an exosome dosage of 10 mg/kg. (F) Quantification of in vivo distribution fluorescence intensity of EXO and tLyp-1-EXO. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Fluorescence, Imaging, Staining, Expressing, Injection

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cancer-inhibitory effect of engineered exosomes. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of A549 (A) and HCC827 (B) cells after co-culture with PBS, EXO, Lyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. ( C and D ) Colony formation assay revealed the proliferation ability of (C) A549 and (D) HCC827 cells after co-culture. The migration and invasion abilities of (E) A549 and (F) HCC827 cells after co-culture were assessed using a Transwell assay. Western blot analysis of EMT-related protein expression was conducted on (G) A549 and (H) HCC 827 cells following co-culture. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: In Vitro, CCK-8 Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Colony Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: circRAPGEF5 acted as a miR-570-3p sponge, facilitating the progression of LUAD. (A) Network prediction diagram of circRAPGEF5 and miR-570-3p. (B) Luciferase activity was assessed following co-transfection of the miR-570-3p mimic or mimic NC with the pmiRGLO-circRAPGEF5-WT/Mut reporter vector. ( C ) RT-qPCR was used to measure miR-570-3p levels in BEAS-2B and LUAD cells. In LUAD cells, miR-570-3p expression was further assessed following (D) circRAPGEF5 overexpression and (E) knockdown using RT-qPCR. The impact of (F) miR-570-3p overexpression and (G) knockdown on cell proliferation was evaluated with cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assays. Additionally, colony formation assays were conducted to examine the colony formation capacity after (H) miR-570-3p overexpression and (I) knockdown in LUAD cells. Transwell analysis assessed the (J) migration and (K) invasion of LUAD cells after miR-570-3p overexpression and knockdown. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: Luciferase, Activity Assay, Cotransfection, Plasmid Preparation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, Migration

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: circRAPGEF5 acted as an miR-570-3p sponge, facilitating LUAD progression. Panels A and B depict the CCK-8 assay results, which assessed the proliferation of HCC827 (A) and H1299 (B) cells co-transfected with either a miR-570-3p mimic or a mimic negative control following OE-circRAPGEF5 transfection. (C) Colony formation assay evaluated the proliferation of co-transfected HCC827 and H1299 cells. (D) Migration and invasion ability of HCC827 and H1299 cells after co-transfection was evaluated using Transwell assay. CCK-8 assay evaluated the proliferation of (E) A549 and (F) H1299 cells co-transfected with miR-570-3p inhibitor or inhibitor NC after KD-circRAPGEF5. (G) Colony formation assay was used to assess the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells after co-transfection. (H) Transwell assay was used to assess the migration and invasion capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells following co-transfection. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Transfection, Negative Control, Colony Assay, Migration, Cotransfection, Transwell Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of circRAPGEF5 suppressed LUAD through the miR-570-3p/SPP1 pathway. (A) SPP1-3′ UTR-WT/Mut reporter vector was co-transfected with either miR-570-3p mimics or a mimic negative control to assess luciferase activity. (B ) Expression level of SPP1 was assessed using RT-qPCR following both overexpression and knockdown of miR-570-3p. (C ) CCK-8 assays were used to assess the proliferation of LUAD cells with SPP1 overexpression. (D) Colony formation assays were used to assess the colony formation capability after SPP1 overexpression in LUAD cells. (E) Transwell analysis revealed that SPP1 overexpression enhanced migration and invasion in LUAD cells. (F) RT-qPCR was used to measure SPP1 expression levels following the overexpression or knockdown of circRAPGEF5. (G) CCK-8 assay was used to assess the proliferation of A549 and HCC827 cells co-transfected with either pcDNA SPP1 or pcDNA NC following KD-circRAPGEF5. (H) Colony formation assay evaluated the proliferation of co-transfected A549 and HCC827 cells. (I) Transwell assay was used to assess the migration and invasion capabilities of A549 and HCC827 cells following co-transfection. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: Inhibition, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Negative Control, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Over Expression, Knockdown, CCK-8 Assay, Migration, Colony Assay, Transwell Assay, Cotransfection

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: circRAPGEF5 competitively adsorbed miR-570-3p to promote SPP1 expression. ( A ) RT-qPCR was used to analyze the changes in SPP1 expression levels after co-transfection of OE-circRAPGEF5 vector and/or miR-570-3p mimic and mimic NC in HCC827 cells. ( B ) RT-qPCR was used to analyze the changes in the expression level of SPP1 after co-transfection of KD-circRAPGEF5 vector and/or miR-570-3p inhibitor and inhibitor NC in A549 cells. ( C ) Western blot analysis was used to analyze the changes in the expression level of SPP1 protein after co-transfection of OE-circRAPGEF5 vector and/or miR-570-3p mimic and mimic NC in HCC827 cells. ( D ) Western blot analysis was used to analyze the changes in SPP1 protein expression levels in A549 cells after co-transfection of KD-circRAPGEF5 vector and/or miR-570-3p inhibitor and inhibitor NC. ( E and F ) RT-qPCR were used to analyze the expression levels of miR-570-3p and SPP1 in A549 and HCC827 cells treated with tLyp-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cotransfection, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antitumor metastasis effects of tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO in vivo , besides the biosafety evaluation of engineered exosomes both in vivo and in vitro . (A) Construction of an in vivo metastasis model and treatments. (B) Bioluminescent images of lung tissues from nude mice treated with PBS, EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO were captured at specified intervals after injection. Each group comprised five mice, with an exosome dosage of 10 mg/kg. (C ) Lung tissue images of nude mice and the number of visible nodules. (D ) Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on lung tissue from nude mice. (E) Cell viability of BEAS-2B cells was determined using CCK-8 assay after co-culture with PBS, EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO; exosome dosage = 1, 5, 20, 50, 100 μg/mL. (F) Body weight variation in nude mice following treatment with exo scFv/siLPCAT1, exo scFv/siNC, or PBS. (G) Representative H&E staining of heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen sections from mice treated with PBS, EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO. (H) Serum biochemical values of nude mice treated with PBS, EXO, tLyp-1-EXO-NC, and tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO, n = 5 mice per group. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Injection, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: TLyp-1-modified exosome–mediated delivery of circRAPGEF5 ASO inhibits lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the preparation and mechanism of tLyp-1-EXO-circRAPGEF5 ASO.

Article Snippet: Exosome circRAPGEF5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and may serve as an intervention target, but its mechanism of action is unclear.

Techniques: